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CBSE Board Examination 2024 · Section A · 1 mark

Q2: Possible orders of a matrix with 36 elements

The question

If a matrix has 36 elements, the number of possible orders it can have, is :

(A) 1313

(B) 33

(C) 55

(D) 99

Exam answer

A matrix of order m×nm \times n has mnmn elements, so mn=36mn = 36⁠.

Why?

A matrix of order m×nm \times n has mm rows, and each row has nn elements. So it has mnmn elements in all.

So each possible order is a way of writing 3636 as a product of two natural numbers mm and nn⁠.

The divisors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 36. So the possible orders are

1×36, 2×18, 3×12,4×9, 6×6, 9×4,12×3, 18×2, 36×1\begin{aligned} &1 \times 36,\ 2 \times 18,\ 3 \times 12, \\ &4 \times 9,\ 6 \times 6,\ 9 \times 4, \\ &12 \times 3,\ 18 \times 2,\ 36 \times 1 \end{aligned}
Why?

Each divisor mm of 3636 gives exactly one order m×nm \times n⁠, with n=36÷mn = 36 \div m⁠. So the number of orders equals the number of divisors of 3636⁠.

A quick count of the divisors uses the prime factorisation 36=22×3236 = 2^2 \times 3^2⁠. Every divisor is 2i×3j2^i \times 3^j⁠, where ii and jj are each 00⁠, 11 or 22⁠. That gives

(2+1)(2+1)=9(2 + 1)(2 + 1) = 9

Watch out: 4×94 \times 9 and 9×49 \times 4 are different orders (4 rows or 9 rows), so both are counted. 6×66 \times 6 is counted once.

That is 9 orders.

Answer: (D) 99

Where this comes from

Chapter 3, Matrices: Order of a matrix.

Question type: One-mark MCQs

How to spot it: click to see

Type 6. One-mark MCQs: orders and definitions

Spot it: four options, asking when a sum or product is defined, what order it has, or what a word such as symmetric or inverse means.

Here: The question is about orders: an m×nm \times n matrix has mnmn entries, so each order is a pair with mn=36mn = 36⁠. Count the divisors of 36: there are 9.

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